Though a number of rhinos died once at the various destinations and no offspring were produced for nearly 20 years, the rhinos were all doomed in their soon-to-be-logged forest. There was little or no information about procedures that would assist in ex situ breeding.
The species is much better studied than the similarly reclusive Javan rhinoceros, in part because of a program that brought 40 Sumatran rhinos into captivity with the goal of preserving the species. It is the most vocal rhino species and also communicates through marking soil with its feet, twisting saplings into patterns, and leaving excrement. The Sumatran rhino is a mostly solitary animal except for courtship and offspring-rearing. A tiny population was discovered in East Kalimantan in early 2016. In 2015, researchers announced that the Bornean rhinoceros had become extinct in the northern part of Borneo in Sabah, Malaysia. The species was extirpated in Malaysia in 2019, and one of the Sumatran populations may already be extinct.
It is now critically endangered, with only five substantial populations in the wild: four in Sumatra and one in Borneo, with an estimated total population of fewer than 80 mature individuals. The Sumatran rhinoceros once inhabited rainforests, swamps and cloud forests in India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and southwestern China, particularly in Sichuan. A coat of reddish-brown hair covers most of the Sumatran rhino's body. Like both African species, it has two horns the larger is the nasal horn, typically 15–25 cm (5.9–9.8 in), while the other horn is typically a stub. It is the smallest rhinoceros, although it is still a large mammal it stands 112–145 cm (44–57 in) high at the shoulder, with a head-and-body length of 2.36–3.18 m (7 ft 9 in – 10 ft 5 in) and a tail of 35–70 cm (14–28 in).
The Sumatran rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis), also known as the Sumatran rhino, hairy rhinoceros or Asian two-horned rhinoceros, is a rare member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five extant species of rhinoceros it is the only extant species of the genus Dicerorhinus.
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